Chapter6.ΰ ȣ
[ ]
1. ǰ ϰ Ǿ ֽϴ. ̾ ߰ Һ α â , ̳ ߵ ο ɰ ȯ湮 ߱մϴ.
Agenda 21 å α ǿ屸 ξ մϴ.
Ӱ ߰ ȯ溸 ǥ յǾ մϴ. , ȯȸ о յ 䱸մϴ. ȸȿ ɷִ Ӱ ϵ , , ȸ, Ǿ, б, , ü, ȭü մϴ. Ư, ̳ ġῡ ϴ ͺٴ α Ǿ մϴ. å 켱 ȹ ؾ ϰ, (Chapter) о߿ ȹ ΰ, δü, ΰ ¿ Ͽ Ͽ մϴ.
WHO ⱸ ̷ åܿ Ͽ մϴ.
2. ȹо߰ (Chapter) ԵǾ մϴ. Ƿ 屸, Ư . . ȣ. ú ǥ . ȯ κ ǰ .
ȹо 1. (rural area) Ƿ .
[å]
ǰ ü, , ȸ ȯ氣 ȣۿ ִ ɷ¿ ִ.
̶ ǰ α ϰ Ұ κ å ǰ ȭŰų ȭǴ ȯ溯ȭ ġ ִ.
Ųٷ ϸ ߿ ؼ ȭ ִ ǰ¿ Ҹ ġ ǰ ū ߿ ִٴ ̴.
Ǻо߿ ü ̳ ⺻䱸 ϰ װ ߺо߿ Ǿ ȸ, Ű(spiritual development) ϰ ִ.
, , ǰ ǰ ȯ濡 ϰ ִ.
ǰ ſ 켱 ǰ , ̻ ȭп ϴ Ȯ ̰ å Ȯ DZ , , ʼ Ǿǰ ϴµ ξ ̴.
, ΰ ġ Ǹ ȭ, , ȸ Ը ȹ ̷ о߰ åܿ Ǿ Ѵ.
[ ǥ]
"2000 η ǰ" ǰϿ ǥ ٱ .̰ α ⺻ǰ䱸 Ͽ ϰ , ʼ Ư ȯ溸 ־ ϸ, ǰ ذ ùε , Ǻо, úо Ÿ Ǻо(, ȸ, ) ԵǾ Ѵ.
Ư 켱 α ū 䱸 Ǿ Ѵ.
[å]
߾, αⱸ ⱸ , 䱸 ϴ ǻ ȭ ־ Ѵ.
⺻ Ϻα ȹü .
, ǰ, Ͽ ̰, ȸ ̸߽, ϰ, ȸ 밡ϸ ڵ 信 Ƿü ȭ ܰ躰 úо߿ ȸ ôü Ȱ ϴ ȭ Ȱ ǽü ż ո̰ డ ٹ ǽ ȸ ϰ, ǻ ȿ ִ ź ִ ǥ ʿ ڿ ú Ȯο ٰ ü Ȯ б , ȯ, Ʒ ڿ ü ؼ Ǵ ڱ İ ü迡 ϰ Ÿ Ϻ Ȱ ʼ Ȯ
, ڸ ȸ ߽ Ȱ Ȱ ȭ
ȸ ηڿ Ȱ ȭ ȯ溸 Ȱ ȸ ִ ü輳 ΰ¿ ȣ 漭 ǰ Ͽ ϼ ڿ Ȱ شȭ ϰ ù ų ִ ȯ溸ǿ ġῡ ־ ΰ Ŀ []
繫ȸǿ å 1993-2000 ߰ ٿ ϸ 400̰, ⱸ 50 Ե ̴. ̷ ο ؼ ߰迡 ̴.
(financial terms) ε ̹Ƿ δ Ͽ ΰ Ȯ Ư ǰϿ Ͽ ̴.
.
ǰü ȹϰ ִ ο ٹ ̰, Ϻ ִ ؾ Ѵ.
DZ 䱸 ǰ ̿ϴ ȸ ڿ ɷ ȭؾ ̴.
ǻ ڷ Ͽ ȯ ִ ġϴ ߵǾ ̴.
ηڿ .
η ϴ о߰ ٹ η ǰ Ͽ ̸ ֵ ȭǾ ̴.
ɷ ȭ Ͽ ⺻ ü ȿ ü 忡 ִ ؾ ̴.
о߿ ̻ ϱ Ͽ о ȸ η ȸ ߿ غŰ ȿ ǻ, ȸ , ΰ ȭ õ ȭ ̰ ̸ܱ Ʒ Ͽ Ѵ.
ɷ¹
ο ǰ ֵ ȸ 䱸 ϴ ȸ ų ִ Ű ؾ ̴.
ֿ ȸ ߽ ǻ غ ǰ η¿ ȸ DZ ɵ Ǿ ϸ ϴ ȭϰ ٸ η ȸ ϰ ߾ ̴.
ñٱ, , ü踦 Ͽ ü迡 ˸´ ü ļ ؾ ̴.
ȹо 2. .
[å]
Ű ߷ ϰ Ǿ. Ϻ ݷ, ȯ, ̽Ͼƽý, , ̾ƽý ־ ̳ ȯ ߿ κ ϰ ִ.
־ ȯ Ǵ Բ Ƿᳪ ٸ ̿ о߿ ־ ʼ ġ ϰų ̴.
2000뿡 3õ-4õ Ͽ ̷ ȸ- ־ Ư ̵鿡 ȭ ̴. ڵ鿡 Ǵ ̳ 꼺 ҷ û ̴.
κ ϽŰ 뵿 Ʒð ߿ ũ ų ̴. Ư 뵿 κ ũ ̴..
[ ǥ]
ǥ ⱸ(躸DZⱸ, Ƶ, ȹȸ, ձ--ȭ ⱸ, ߱ⱸ, ) ΰü Ͽ ڹ Ͽ Ͽ.
( ŵ Ͽ) ڿ̿뵵 ȭ, ȸȰ , ġ , 켱 Ͽ 鿡 Ͽ õϵ õϰ ִ. Ȱȹ Ư Ư Ȳ ΰ ̴.
Ȱȹ ߺǺι ð ̷ Ѵ.
ֿ : 2000 罺 ҽŲ. 2000 ڸѴ. 2000 ȸ ȿ Ѵ. 1995 Ͽ 95%, ȯ 90% ҽŲ. ް д ó üȭ Ͽ ݷ μ ҽų ̴. 2000 ߵ ̵ 50-70% ҽų ̴. 2000 ߵ ȯ 25-50% ҽų ̴. 2000 Ҿƻ 5 ȣ Ϸ ҽų ȹ ̴. 2000 95% ̰ ȸ Ƿ Ƿڱ ܰ迡 ȣ Ḧ ֵ Ѵ. 2000 ư ߿ ǹ ϴ α Ѵ. 2000 ֿ ϴ α Ͽ ٸ 1984 40%, 25% ҽų Ӹ ƴ϶ ҽŲ. , ȸ ҽŰ Ͽ , Ȱȭ սų ̴. Ư Ѵ. 濡 ־ ȭѴ.
[å]
δ ߺǰȹ 켱 ּ Ͽ Ȱ ȹ Ͽ Ѵ.
ߺü.
ο ־ ȯؿ ľ ȹ. , , Ȯ ľϴ ڷ ü. մ α. .
.
־ ȸ ϵ ϸ ȯ ߿伺 ϵ 迡 ش.
ι .
ֿо, ȹ, о߿ ־ . Ʒ, ߺо߿ ־ ȿ ȳ.
Ŀ ġ ȯ : ־ , , ǰ, Ű , - Ѵ.
Ƿ Ư ϰ ϴ α. α ȭ ġȰ ü . ڳ鿡 .
뺴 ҿ ȯ յ Ȯ ȭ. ٸ ȿ ϰ å ڷḦ ϱ . α Ƿ å ġ ȭ, ൿ, ȸ Ҹ Ѵ. ȿ ű . ˸° ϴ . İ .
[]
繫ȸ 1993 2000 ̷ ü 뿩 9 40 ҿ Ͽ. ݾ ο ؼ ü ƴ϶ Ը ǥ ̴. 뿩 Ͽ ݰ Ⱓ ߿ Ư ο ؼ Ư α ϰ ִ.
ؼ ߿ , ȸ ٰŰ Ǵ Ͽ Ѵ. ǿ մ ȯ ȿ Ǿ Ѵ.
ΰڿ
Ʒñ Ͽ , ȸ, 鿪, ڻ Ű Ͽ ι Ͽ Ѵ. DZڷ ȸ Ͽ 纴 ġ Ͽ ߵǾ Ѵ.
ɷȮ
Ǻι Ӹ ƴ϶ ȯ溸ȣ , 氨, ־ ɷ Ͽ Ѵ. å Ǵܰ ܰ迡 ־ ʿϸ ܰ ȸ ̷ ϸ Ȱ Ͽ ü Ǿ Ѵ.
ȹо 3. ȣ.
[å]
⺻ Ǽ信 ϴ ܿ Ư , ûҳ, ΰ غڸ ȣϰ Ű μ Ư Ǿ Ѵ.
ƿ Ƶ. α 3 1 15 ̸ Ƶ̴. ̵ Ƶ 1,500 ջ, , ȣ , , ִ ų ϰ ִ. Ƶ ǰ ȯҿ ٸ αܺ ξ ´. Ƶ 뵿̳ 븦 迡 óִ.
û. ֵ û ߰ õ Ư ѵ ̴ û ǰ ʼ ȸ ȭŲ. ȭ ȸ ȣ , ʴ ӽŰ ״. ִ η ݼ 25 ̸̸, 5 4 ߵ ִ. ݺ ʵ ϴ ߿ϴ.
. ߵ ǻ´ , `80 , Ϲ ǰ´ ϰ ־. ߵ κ ȸ ϸ ǰ ϰ å ְ ڽ Ȱ ϰ ȸ, ϰ ִ. ǰ Ʊ⸦ ؼ ȣ õǾ Ѵٴ Ư ־ ڴ.
ΰ ü. ΰ ü α κ ϰ ִ. 迡 ʰ ٺ ȭǾٴ 赵 ٸ ʴ. ұϰ Ǿ, , ǰȭ ô ִ. ȿ ־ Ϲ α ϰ ִ. ο Ͽ å ߿ϴ.
[ ǥ]
ȣϴ Ϲ ǥ ɷ(ǰ ü ) ִ ϵ Ǵ ϴ ̴. ûҳ ǰ Ȱ Ȯ ϵ ϰ ȸ ϵ ϸ ε , , ȸ ϴ ̴.
Ƶ , , ȣ ȸ㿡 ǵ , Agenda 21 ȿϰ ִ. ħϴ ι ǥ ǰ , , Ƶ, ļ , ʱ ȯ濡 ó Ƶ ǰ ִ.
δ ü ǰ Ǹ ϴ ϴ ġ Ͽ Ѵ. , ڳ Ϳ Ӱ åӼ ְ Կ ־ Ǹ ϸ , ȭ, , ġü迡 ̷ Ǹ ϵ ϴµ ܿ Ǹ Ѵ.
δ ߽̰ ϴ ϰ ȿ 꺸ȣ , , ġü迡 ϰ , ȭ å ִ Ը ȹ ϰ ϱ ̰ ġ ǽü ġϰ ȭϴ ǽϱ ġ ؾ Ѵ. ȣ ǿ , å ִ θ ϴµ ־ ϸ, Ͽ 4 Ʊ⸦ Ű ȸ Ͽ Ѵ.
ȹ 꿪Ұ ϰ Ƶ Ͽ ϰ ǷẸȣ ʿ Ƶ ʿ信 Ư Ѵ.
[å] ߾δ ο Ͽ Ʒо ϰų ȭؾ Ѵ.
ƿ Ƶ
ȣ, , Ͽ 1 Ƿü賻 Ƶ ǷἭ ȭѴ. 翡 ġ , ȣ ġ 濡 α ǽѴ. Ƶ , κ ȣϴ ġ , , ȭϵ Ѵ. ȯ, ع κ Ƶ ȣѴ.
û Ͽ Ư ġ ϱ Ͽ , ȸι ûҳ ȭѴ.
߾Ӱ ȸ ൿȹ ع ϰ ǰ Ű ϱ Ͽ å ü Ų. Ͽ б 1 Ƿ DZƷ α ⼮ ϰ ϱ ü å Ѵ. ǰ 翡 Ͽ Ư, ȯ ȭ ڿ Ͽ µ õ Ѵ.
ΰ ü ڿ ڱ Ͽ ġ ǷẸȣ ȭѴ. İ ü迡 Ѵ.
[]
ȸǻ繫 Ȱ ϴ (1993-2000) ü Ǵ ϴ 4 ؼ 37 ϰ ִ. ̷ ġ 밭 ̾ƺ Ϳ ƴϴ. ǵ Ư ΰ ϴ ü ̴.
,
, , ϴµ ϵ ȭǾ Ѵ. ̵ ü 鿡 ȸ ȮǾ ϸ, 뼺ִ ذ ܿ ΰ ŽǾ Ѵ.
ڿ о߿ ûҳ, , α Ǿ Ѵ.
ΰڿ .
Ƶ, ûҳ ΰڿ ȭ, ȣۿ ϴ , ǥܿ ϴµ ߸ü Ȯ ؾ Ѵ. ̸ ؼ , ȣ, . ǻ, ȸڿ Ʒ ־ ϰ, , , α ϴ ó ȭؾ Ѵ.
ɷ
δ ʿ Ͽ Ѵ. Ƶ, û, ǿ ִ ü ȯ ȸ Ը , ϴ . Ƶ, ûҳ, ǰ ȯ Ȯϱ ġ ϰ , ϴµ ־ , û Ͽ ǹ ݿǵ ϰ Ǹ ϵ ϴ .
ȹо 4. .
[å]
ñٱ ҵ α Ȱ, ǰ, ȸ, ġ ıǰ ִ. ҵ, , ϴ α ڷϰ, ü ȸ ɷ ɰϰ Ǿ. α ɰ ȯ ؿο ǰ Ͽ, ֹ 䱸 ⱸ ȯ溸 ɷ ɰϰ Ǿ. ð Ͽ ʿ ڿ ڿȯ濡 ı ־ Դ.
ȯش ȯ ϰ Ǿ. α ȭ ְȯ ȣȯ, , ߵDZ Ѵ. Ǻо߿ܿ ȯ ΰ ǰ ۿѴ. δܰ躰 ǰ , , , ȸ ù Ȱ ¿ ̴.
[ ǥ]
ǰ ȳ ȸ߿ ־ ִ. ǥ 2000 ǥ 10-40% ϴ ̴. ȯ ְ ǥ Ǿ ̴. ̷ ǥ ƻ, , ü Ż Ưǥ ԵǾ Ѵ. (, ְ ǥ , , ǥ ȯ, ǥ Ǵ , ǰ ȸ, ȸ ǥ ° ).
[å]
籹ڴ ߾ ⱸ Ƽ å ϰų ȭ ִ ȿ Ѿ .
, ȹ
, ȭ, , Ƿ, ȸ ü ɵ ֵ ġι ι ȸ ż Ǵ ȭ. ǰ ִ ȯ ϰ Ư " Ͽ ϴ"(doing for) åٴ " Բ ϴ"(doing with) å , å Ǵ ȭ. б, , ߸ü ȭ . 1 Ƿῡ ν ϵ ȸ . ñٱ ڿ ε ȸ ߽ Ȱ Ȱ Ǵ ȭ.
ð ڷḦ Ͽ ϴ ǰ, ȸ ȯ¿
ȯ溸 ȭ ǰ ȯ濡 ִ . ű η¿ ⺻ ǽ.
ȯ ð ü ġ .
[]
繫 ȸǿ å 1993-2000 2,220̸, ݿ ⱸ 220 ԵǾ ̷ ο ؼ ߰迡 Ͽ ̴. (financial terms) ε ̹Ƿ δ Ͽ ΰ Ȯ Ư ǰϿ Ͽ ̴.
ǻ ߵǾ ̸ ǰ ȯ濡 ִ θ ־ ̴.
ηڿ ǰ Ͽ û ̼ǰ ⺻ ݵ Ǿ ϰ, ȯ溸 η ⺻ ʿ ̴.
ɷ¹
߾, ΰо߿ , û ȹ ɷ ̶ ϰڴ. ɷ° ֿ ü (key actors) ϴ ü ɷ , Ͽ η Ȱ뼺 ߾ ̴.
ȹо 5. ȯ ǰ .
[å]
ֺȯ(, ), ۾ ְ ϰ Ǿ 鸸 ֹε ǰ ǿ ް ֽϴ. ̴ Ư ȯ溸ȣ Һ, ϰ Ȱ, , ۺо߿ ߿ մϴ.
Ϻα ̷, ȯ ȭǾ Խϴ. ǰ ذ ִ ɷ ڿ Ͽ ѵǾ ֽϴ. ǰȣå ϰ ֽϴ.
߿ ȯذ մϴ. WHO ֱ м , ȯ ε鰣 ȣ Ͽ, κ ȿ ī ̷ ִ մɷ ῩǾ ִٴ ϴ.
ȸ ǵ ִ (criteria) ̳ Ǵ ؾ ϴ (standards) ߾, ǰ ִ ġü(system of value) κ Ÿϳ ߵ ġ ʰ ȸ ҿ ϴ ʿմϴ.
[ ǥ]
Ϲ ǥ ּȭϰ ΰ ǰ ջǰų Ǵ ʴ ȯ ϸ鼭 ֵ ϴ Դϴ.
ü ǥ ϴ.
2000 ȹ Ϻημ ȯ ǰ ȣ üȭ. 2000 ȯ, ִ Ϻ α . 2000 ȹ ΰ óҿ α . , å ȯ溸ǿ Ͽ м ϱ ǰ ʿ Ȯ .
[å]
о߿ ʿ , Ͽ Ͽ ȹ ԵǾ մϴ. 籹ڴ ߾ ⱸ Ƽ å ϰų ȭ ִ ȿ Ѿ .
ȯ ϰ ߱ ؼ 縦 Ͽ .
ȹ ߿ϸ鼭 ̿Ͽ 뵵ÿ ɷ .
dz ġ å Ͽ dz ۵ ֵ α .Ư ߵ ̿Ž(biomass) ź ̿뿡 ǰ ġ ǰ ķ .
ؼ Ͽ . 뵵ÿ ü .
, , ǰ ܷ ȿ ּȭϱ Ͽ ִ ī ߵ
ؼ Ͽ ó . 뵵ÿ óü .
ΰ (Human Settlements) ǰ ؼ Ͽ Ư ǰ α .
ȯ溸 α Ϻημ ִ (maximum permitted safe noise exposure levels)
Ͽ Թ, ڿܼ ȿ. ı ǥ鿡 ϴ ڿܼ ü ġ . Ͽ, ü ġ ȭŰ å(remedial measures) .
Ͽ Թ, ڿܼ ȿ. ı ǥ鿡 ϴ ڿܼ ü ġ . Ͽ, ü ġ ȭŰ å(remedial measures) .
. ο ü ȹ ȯ ǿ . ع Ư ߿伺 α ǰؼ м üȭ. ۾ ǰ迡 縦 ֿ ü α . ι ȯ
ȯ ֹ ǰ縦 ȯ ü ġ
, ǥ /(well-targeted intervention/prevention) ִ ؿ ø ý . ȹ ι(, Ÿ) ȹ WHO α ɰ . ۾ ϱ Ͽ ȯ ִ .
° õ ǰ ο . ο ü ̿ ȯü(environmental agents) ΰ(sensibility) ִ ǥ(biological markers) ̿ پ ȯ ΰ ǰ ġ .
[]
繫 ȹ å ϱ պ(1993-2000) ȸκ Ǵ 115鸸 Ͽ 30ҷ ϸ, Ը Ư α ϴ.
å. κ Ͽ ̿ α å߿ ؼ ι framework ǽϿ մϴ. ̷ ¿ ι ԵǾ մϴ. м ȯ濵 α Ͽ ߵǰ ǰ ߰ õ 켱, ǰ ߰ õ Ǿ մϴ.
"ȹо 5. ȯ ǰ - å" å ־ ߵ "4 ι .° ɷ¹" 34 ؼ İ ġκ , know-how ȯ ؼ ߵ ־ մϴ.
ڿ
ȯ溸ǻ ذ ֿ ֿ ڰ ڿ غ ֵ Ǿ Ѵ. ȯ ǰ迡 ԵǾ մϴ. ο ο ̸ о߿ ģ ȯ ǰ ԵǾ մϴ. ȯ溸ǰ ߵ б ǰ ֹα ξ մϴ.
ȯɷ (capacity building)
ȯ溸ǻ ϰ Ը մ ظ ִ ɷ Ͽ մϴ. ɷ ⺻ 䱸ǿ ȯ溸ǻ , ù ȫ :
߰ ذῡ ι ΰ : ȯ溸 ʿ並 Ű ߿ ɷ ϱ Ͽ ߰ ο Ӱ ڿ ԵǾ մϴ.
|