Chanpter 18.ڿ
[ ]
1. ڿ ⺻̸ ° ʼ .
ȯ ȫ ȯ Ư¡ . ȫ Ϻ ɰ ǰ . ĺȭ ڿ 뵵 , ؼ ½ ؾ ұԸ °踦 .
2. Ȱ 鿡 ʿ. Ϲ ° , ȭ Ű, ڿɷ Ѱ賻 ΰȰ Ű μ հ ο鼭, η Ȯϰ ǵ ϴ . ѵ ڿ Ȱϰ ڿ κ ȣϱ Ͽ ʿ.
3. ڿ ı ɰ 縳 Ȱ İ Բ յ ڿ ȹ 䱸ϰ . ̿ ǥ ϼ ȣ ؾ ϸ. 翬 鿡 ٷ .
ڿ ٰ , ϼó, , , ð, ¹, , , ũ̼, Ȱ ٸ Ȱ ڿ ٰ ̿뵵 Ӹ ƴ϶ ȸ- 鿡 νĵǾ .
ǥ, ϼ ٸ ߿ ո ̿ ȹ ս ּȭ ξ . ʿϴٸ Ͽ ȫ 켱 ξ .
4. ڿ ̿ ֺ ū ߿伺 .
̿ Ͽ, ̵ 鰣 Ǵ ٸ õ ǿ ġǾ ϸ ̿ Ͽ, Ͽ .
5. ι ȹ оߴ .
ڿ
ڿ
ڿ, () ° ȣ
ް ϼó
Ӱ ð
Ӱ ǰ ̰
ڿ ĺȭ
ȹо 1. ڿ
[å]
ȸ, Ȱ ް ũ ڿ 꼺 ȸ ϴ ũ ʰ . α Ȱ Կ ¿ ϰų ѵ.
70-80%, 20% ̸, Ȱ 6% ϰ . ȸå ⺻ ȹ ϰ ڿ (holistic) ڿ ȹ ϼ 1990 ġ ߿.
, ڿ ߿ å ̰ ô ū ذ ǰ . ȿ 谡 ʿ
[ ǥ]
ǥ Ͽ ʿ䷮ Ű .
ڿ ° ʿ κ, ̿Ư ϴ õڿ ȸ νϴ κ ۵. ΰȰ ʿ 並 Ű ؼ ° ɰ ڿ Ӽ Ͽ ϸ ڿ ȣǾ . ڿ ߰ ̿뿡 ־ 켱 ° ȣ ̿ ʿ 並 Ű ־ . 並 ʰϸ ڿ δ .
õ Ҹ ϴ ڿ Ǵ ؿ Ǿ . װ ⺻ ǥ ߱ؾ .
, ȸ, , ȯ ΰ ǰ ڿ ȣ 縦 Ͽ ڿ , ȣ , ݺ, ٿ
å ȸ ʿ 켱 ̰ ո ڿ ̿, ȣ, , ȹ
å ǻ ־ , û, ֹ ȸ ü ⺻ ϰ ȿ̰ Ȯ å ȸ ȹ ,
ߵ Ͽ ڿ å ȸ ϴ ַ , , ⱸ ȭ Ǵ
ڿ , ڿ å ϰ ȹ ϰ å ȹ ȭǵ ʿ䰡 .
ڿ ɷ¿ Ÿ ñⱸ Ͽ Ǵ Ͽ ǥ .
(2000)
1. ǥ ȹо , ü ⱸ
2. ڿ̿ ִ ȿ ̿ȹ
(2025)
1. ȹ о ǥ
1 2 ǥ ȸ 44/228 ߵ ̿ ִ Ӱ ߰ ڿ ¿
[å]
Ÿ ⱸ Ͽ ɷ° ڰ̰ų ٱ Ͽ ü ڿ ϱ ġ .
ġȹ ڰȹ ǥ ȭ
̿ȹ, ︲ڿ ̿, õ ȣ, Ÿ ġ Բ ڿ 缭 ۼ Ͽ ڿ ȣ ġ
ڿ Ͽ ȯ濵 Ͽ ȣȯ Ÿ̽, , ȹ
, ȸ Ͽ ڿ й ȭ
, åⱸ, й
ȯ濵 ȸ 赵 м ϴ ȫ ѹ
ǽİ, ȹ, ¡ Ÿ ܿ ո ڿ ̿
縷 縷 ڿ
ڿ
ؼ ȭ, ϼ ΰ , ̿, ̿ ȯ ο ڿ ̳ ü ڿ
ϼ ǥ ڿ
ڿ ϴ ּȭ ̿ ȿ ڿ
ڿ ȭ ü
ڿ ȹ ǻ ־ Ű Ϲݴ
ġ ؿ ⱸ Ǹ ȭ,
1. 籹 лŰ Ͽ ü, , ȸ
2. ؿ ȹ ⺻ ڿ ȹ ġ ٰŷ ÿ
3. ؿ ̳ ġȹ ȭ
4. ؿ ڿ ȯ Ͽ ⱸ α åӼ
Բ ̿뿡 ħ ϴ ȫ
[]
ȯ ȸ ̻ ȹ ϱ ؼ ȸκ Ǵ 絵 (1993-2000) 1 1õ 5鸸 ϰ . ̰ Ÿ ̸ ο ƴ. 絵 ν ϴ ΰ ϱ ü ȹ .
ڿ ȿ ϱ ȹ ȣȯ ִ Ÿ̽ ϱ ؼ ǻ ȭϱ پ о , , м, ֵ ϱ ý۰ ý۰ ο ʿϰ .
Ӱ ü ް ϱ ؼ 뿬 ʿ . ̸ ؼ ڿ ־ ߵ鰣 , , ȯ, ȸ ϰ η ִ ϴ ΰ ɷ , ο , , Ե .
ȸ μ ڿ ν ߱ϱ (, , ü) ΰϱ ؼ ڿ ϰ 縦 ǽϿ . 鿩 ǽϴ ð Ȳ ٸ ǽõǾ .
ڿ ߰ ̷ ϰ ȯĢ , ȸ ؾ ϸ õ ϰ ȭŰ Ӹ ƴ϶ 䱸 ϰ ȸ ߰ȹ κ ٷ ϴ ȹ ʿ伺 Ͽ .
ϰ ڿμ ϱ ȹ ߿ ־ 뿡 ν ߸ . ȹ ġ ְ ִ ȿ ڿ , ȯ溸ȣ, ݿؾ .
̷ ϴ ڵ鿡 ΰų ʿ . ΰġ μ ȸ ִ ɷ ݿؾ .
ȸ, , μ ü迡 ݿǾ ϰ ȣ , ڿ, ⱸ Ǿ .
, Ͽ ο 켱 ⺻
- ϴ Ʈ , , Ͽ ִ Ȱϴ
- ο Ǵ ü û
- ȯ, ȸ °
ڿ
ڿ ǥ ؿ ִ ڿ Ʒ Ű Ʒ α Ȱ ֵ ؾ ϴ ʼ ӹ . Ϲ Ұ ϴ Ϳ ־ ־ ϴµ , û, ֹ, ȸ Ű Ե.
پ ڿ ɿ ΰι, , , , , , Ÿ ü ο ϴ 籹 ߵǾ߸ . ߿伺 ʿ.
̷ Ģ ϱ ȸ ɷ ־߸ . , Ǵ ؿ ߰ ⺻ ϴ ̷ ɷ Ű Ȯ ʿ. 쿡 ٸ Ϲ .
氢 Ű α ؿ Ŀü ϰ α Ű ġ â
ڵ ƷýŴν ǻ ʿ ҿ
ߵ ־ Ʒôɷ ȭ
ʿ 鿡 Ʒ
İ , ڷ ϴ ȹ ƿ ϴ üκ ߵ ϴµ ʿ
ɷ¹
ϱ ؼ ħ ִ ɷ Ͽ ϸ Ȯ 䰡 Ѿ . ϴ ڿ õ, ȸ, ȸ 巡 ο ʿ伺 ε .
پ ؿ ȸ ġ ü ֵ ߿ ñⱸ 䱸ϸ ̿ óؾ ϴ ؾ .
ȯ Կ ־ ηڿ , Թ, ǥȭ, Ÿ ǥر, ڿ ÿ , ȸ οϴ . ڵ ߵ 䱸ϰ ִ ڿ հ ȯ Ŀϴ ߿ ϰ .
̰ Ͽ ߵ , , , ü ԵǾ .
ȹо 2. ڿ (assessment)
[å]
ľ Ͽ, ڿ , , ڿ ŷڵ ڿ ġ ΰȰ ǹ.
̷ ڿ ٰſ ڿ ɼ . Ư ϼ ڿ Ͽ Ȯϰ ŷ ִ ʿ ̳ Ǵ ñ ̿ Ͽ ϰ ۿ ϰ .
̷ ַ ڿ , лƯ ڰ . ÿ ڷ ÷ܱ ߵ ȹ ư ǰ .
ұϰ Ÿ̽ ϴ ڿ ȫ, , 縷ȭ ̱ Ͽ ʼ
[ ǥ]
Mar del Plata Action Plan ٰ ȹоߴ ڿ ѷ 巡 ް ڿ ϰ, ڿ ¸ Ǵϸ, ̿ ־ ϸ, ո Ȱ Ÿ̽ ϱ Ͽ ڿ Ȯ Ͽ 1990 ķ Ǿ .
̿ ټ ü Ǿ.
ߴܰ ʿ信 ڿ ĺȭ Ͽ ֵ
ڿ η ڿ ڷ ȸ ʿ信 ߾ äϵ
ڿ å Ծ Ȱǵ
յ ϼ ڿ 翡 ȿ ϰ, óϸ, ϰ, ϸ ڵ鿡 ϴ Ȯϰ ֵ ʿ ġ ϵ
ڿ ڰݰ ɷ äϰ ְ ϸ, ڽŵ ǹ ֵ Ʒ Ǵ ƷýŰ
ɷ° ڿ ʿϴٸ հ ٸ ñ 籹 Ǵ ٱ Ͽ, ǥ
2000 ڿ Ÿ缺 ڼϰ ϰ
ǥμ е ٰ ϰ
[å]
ɷ° ڿ ʿϴٸ հ ٸ ñ 籹 Ǵ ٱ Ͽ, Ȱ .
åݰ 켱
Թǰ ϰų ȭ. ̷ ġ ڿ ȫ Ȯϰ ϱ Ͽ ʿ
ڷ , м ϰ ִ ȿ ϰ
õ Ǹ ڿ
ڷü :
ȫ ѹ ǽð() ڷ ڷ ϰ
õ ̿ ڷӸ ƴ϶ ǥ ϼ ڷḦ ϱ Ͽ Ƶ鿩 ħ
ڷ ȣȯ Ȯ ϱ Ͽ ذ ٸ ܵ
ڷḦ ϰ, óϰ, мϴ ü ϰ, ڷ ڿԵ ֵ
ڷᰡ Ȱǵ Ÿ̽
ڿ ڷẸ "ڷ " Ŵ
ڷ ó Ͽ ϰ õ Ŵ
ڷῡ õ
ŽڷḦ ϰ ý
ڷẸ :
پ ȹ ڿ ڷ ʿ並 Ȯ
ȸ ȹϰ ϱ Ͽ ȯ溸ȣå Ư ڿ ϱ Ͽ ڿ мϰ ڷ
Ϲݴ߰ ΰ Ͽ ȫ 溸
:
ڿ Ȱ ϱ Ͽ , Subregional, ȹ ϰ ȭ
Ȱ İ ٸ ڿ Ȱϰ, Ǵ ִ ʿ信 Ȯϱ Ͽ Ȱ
[]
ȸ 繫 1993 2000 ȹ å ҿǴ ü(international community) Ǵ 絵ϴ 1 4õ 5鸸 Ͽ 뷫 3 5õ 5鸸 Ͽ. ̰ Ÿ ̸ ο ƴ. 絵 ν ϴ ΰ ϱ ü ȹ .
ʿ ߿ (a) ȭ Ž ڿ м ϴ (global hydrologic model) (b) Ļ սǰ Ȳȭ, ̿ ̸鿡 ϴ ÷ ϴ Ը а ؼ, (c) 帧 ȭ ؼϴ (water-quality genesis) ٽ .
(hydro-logic balance study) ؾ ϸ, Ҹ ؾ . ̷ , Ǿ .
ڿ ɷ Ӹ ƴ϶ , , Ͽ ϱ ű ü ȭ ʿ伺 . å ϱ ռ , ΰι, , ܼƮ, Ÿ ü ϰ ִ ڿ غ ʿ䰡 .
ڿ
ڿ ؼ å å ִ Ʒõǰ ǿ η 缺 ʿ. ̵ Ʒõ 缺 ֵ ¥ Ʒðȹ , Subregional Ǵ regional , ȭϿ . ٿ η¿ » 븦 ؾ . η ڿ Ͽ ֱ ؾ .
Ʒ ȸ ȸǸ Ͽ ̵ ʿ伺 յǴ ȹ ؾ .
ڿ ־ Ʒõ Ư ߿伺 ϹǷ, о߿ λ翡 Ư Ǹ ￩ . ȹ å ȿ ؼ ϰ ڿ ϴ ϰ ϵ ǥ ؾ .
å̸ , ο 䱸.
Ǵ ġ(action)
Ư ʿ伺 Ʒ 䱸
ȯ ƶ ฦ ڿ åܿ Ե ο Ͽ, ϴٸ, ϴ Ʒðȹ ȭ
, η¿ , λ ӱ å
ɷ¹
ٰ ڿ ʿ .
å ɷ¿ ʼ.
ڿ ٰ , Ģ
о , Ư ڿ ̿ڰ
ڿ ¿ ٰ å
̿ ȿ ̱ , , ֹΰ ü ̿ ɷ
ȹо 3. ڿ, , ° ȣ
[å]
⺻ ڿ. ȸ Ϸ ڿ , õ ҵ ȣü ν ʿ.
, ǥ ϼ κ ū ǰ .
õ ȣ ַ ϼó , , ȯı, ġ , к 긲ä, 뵵 ҷ Ȱ ᳪ ħ ũ ǰ .
°赵 ū ް.
쿡 , κ, , °迡 ֱ . ħ ۿ, ä, Ҹȭ ϵǰ, δ ϹǷν °迡 ǿ ġ . δ ȯ ıŰ ǥ ϼ ڿȣ Ϲ νĺ ̷ ؿ.
̷ ȯı ° ΰǰ ġ ϴ ϰų , ͵. °踦 ڿ , , ó ̰ ü ν ũ . ڿ ǻ츮 ؼ ġ߸ ϴ å ʿ.
[ ǥ]
ü ȣü ΰ ȯ 䱸 ÿ ų ִ ؾ. 'Mar del Plata Action'ȹ ڿ߰ȹ , ȭ, , ȸ ȿ νϰ .
ȯ ǻ ǥ Ǿ. "پ Һڰ ȯ濡 ġ ϰ, õ ȯ ϴ ϰ, °踦 ȣ."
ȭ ڷḦ ϱ ư ŷڼִ ڷᰡ Ͽ ɰ Ǿ . , ϼ ȣ ڿ ʼ .
ڿ ԽŰ ǥ ÿ ߱Ͽ .
Ͽ Ͽκ ڿ °踦 Ѵٴ Ģ °
ļ ƴ϶ ϴ °
Ű ٽ ǰ ڿ
U.N. ٸ ñⱸ Ͽ ڰ Ȥ ٱ ɷ° ̿밡 ڿ ǥ .
߰ ǥ, ϼڿ õ ٸ ڿ Ȯ, ȣ, ϰ ո
̸ ȣ, ϰ ո ̿ϱ غ ȹ Ȯ
õ ̴ å, ȯ濵, ȸ ֿ ȥ Ͽ ȿ ϰ ϴ ȹ
α(GEMS/WATER), UNEP ȯ մ (EMINWA), FAO , Ramsar Convention óμ ߿伺 ȸ ȹ dracunculiasis( ȯ) onchocerciasis(õ Ұ溴) 2000 ̳ ڸȹ ÷ õ ༺ ȯ ġ
̶ ɷ° ʿ信 (ǥ ϼ) , , , ȭ Ȯ
° ڿ ȣ Ͽ ڿ ȯ ٹ ä
, ľ, , Ȱ پ Ͽ ؾȻ° ȯ մ å
[å]
U.N. ٸ ñⱸ Ͽ ڰ Ȥ ٱ ɷ° ̿밡 ڿ ؾ
ڿ ȣ
ȸ ι Ȯϰ ȣϱ , ɷ Ȯ
Ȯ
ڿ ȣ ȹ
ȭǾ ߿ , Ư ȸ
ϰų , ȭ
ó ' δ' Ģ
ϼ óü ǼȮ, ̰
(receiving waters)
־ ּȭ å . ּȭ δ ű , ȯ, ҿ , ȯ ȸ, ó, ȯδ
ο ü, ü ó Ϻα ߰ȹ ö ÿ å ȹԿ ־ °踦 ĥ ִ ֿ ڿ ߰ȹ ܺ ȯ濵
ι ϱ
Ȯ 뿡 ȯ . ۽ Һᳪ , ȭ 뷮 ϰ ո, ȹ ϵ
óǰ ȭ , ľ, Ÿ ι ϵ ϰ
û ߰
ֱؼ(life-cycle analysis) å ȯ
, ľ ٸ ι ϱ ϼ ó
ó,
̰
ϼȣ
ϼ Ű ʴ ۹
ؾȴ ̳ ؼ ؾ ߳ ħϴ ʿ å
Ϸ ϼ սǰ ȸ ȣ Ȯ
Ÿ Ȳ ֽ
հ ȭй 칰 ħϴ 칰 å
, ع ҿ ִ ǥ ϼ ˻
° ȣ
İ ° ȭ
꼺 پ Ŀ ߿ ϼڿ ߰ ȣ Ͽ Ÿ뵵 ȸȹ
ȸ, ڵ Ͽ ߿ ϴ ȣ
ٸ ġ
ȣ
Ļ Ϸκ ° ȣ
ڿ
ø Ʈũ
ý(GIS) ȯ濵
뷮 ϰ ؼ Ű
۽ ȯ濡 ǿ ִ ȭй 뷮
Ͽ ȣ ٸ ħ, ħ ϱ ո ̿
ڿ ȣ ʿ , ⱸ ġ( о) :
Ǵ ٱ Ŀ ÿ
Ȯ
Ǵ ٱ ,
ȯ濵
[]
ȸ 繫 1,993-2,000 Ⱓ ʿ ѿ ȸ ϴ 34õ Ͽ 10 ̶ Ͽ. ̰ Ÿ ̸ ο ƴ.
絵 ν ϴ ΰ ϱ ü ȹ .
Ȳ ذ ؾ . ڿ ȭ ü踦 ߾ . , Ϲݱ Ÿ ڿ úо ؾ . ܺαݿ ߿ ּ ڱ մϿ .
ý ϰ Ϸ ڵ Ͽ Ͽ . GEMS/WATER α ߵ . Ʈ, ý(GIS), ڿڷ(Global Resource Infomation Database -GRID) ڷ ó, м, ؿ åغ ߵǾ .
ڿ
ϴ 䱸 Ű Ȳ óϷ äؾ . ⼭ ϴ ϰ ó ִ ɷ ؾ .
þϴ Ʒ ؾ ϸ , , ذ , 汳Ʒ äؾ .
Ư ڿȣ, ó, ̿뿡 ־ ڿ ȭϰ ؾϸ ȣ б żϰ ڵ ƴ϶ ֺε ڿ Һڵ ڿȣ õ Ʒð ż.
ɷ¹
κ ڿ °踦 ȿ ȣϷ κ ɷ κ , Ͽ . ȹ Ϻα ذå Ȯϰ ϸ Ȱ ǽ ݵ ʿ. ¿ ̷ ؼ ̷ ü ߿.
ڷ ڿ ̻ Ǵ ﰢ ġ 䱸.
ȹо 4. ļ ó
[å]
ļ ȯ ȯ溸ȣ, ǰ ʼ. ļ , ȭ Ȱ ʼ.
ߵ鿡 ־ 1/3̻ 80% ļ뿡 ε ̸, Ȱ ȰⰣ 1/10 μ ǰ . 1980 迡 鿡 .
1977 U.N ڿȸǿ äõ Mar del Plata Action Plan 1981 ź ļ ʳ(Inter-national Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade) .
Ϲ ǵ " ߴ ܰ質 ȸ ǿ dzϸ ⺻ 屸 ϴ ȹ Ǹ ִ" . 2)
ļ ʳ ǥ ġ 1990 ļ ü ϴ ̾ Decade߿ ̷ ƴϾ.
ߵ 3 1οԴ ̷ ǰ ΰ 2 ⺻ Ǿ . ΰ 輳 ϼ ߵ鿡 ־ ȭ ֿ ̸, ̿ () ϼóü Ǽ ̶ νĿ Ǿ .
[ ǥ]
New Delhi(1990 9 10-14ϰ New Delhid Global Consultation for the 1990s äõ) ó ʿ䰡 ȭϿ. " ٴ "̶ ü ϸ 4 ⺻ α õ.
ڿ ü ȯ溸ȣ ǰȣ
ٹ Ű , µ, ൿ Һо ϴ
ġü ȭå Ǵ ȹ ȸ
ⱸ ̷ ߽ Ǵ
迡 ߾ Ưǥ Ǿ . 1990 9 ̸ ȸ㿡 1995 Ȯ guinea worm ڸ â. 2025 ̷ ǥ ؼ ڴ 2迡 ؾ ȴٰ .
Ƿ ̷ ȸ ǰ ִ ߿ .
[å]
ڿ ڰ Ǵ ٱ (U.N ñⱸ ),
Ȱ .
ȯ ǰ
- ȣ
- ÿ ó ý 輳 ϼ ó
- ÿ Ȯ, Ư ҵ ü Ҿ ȹ ü Ȯ
- ϼó ý Ǽ Ȯ
- ÿ Ȱ ó
- μ
ΰ :
- ڿ ־ α ȭ û ߿伺
- , ȹ åԾڰ Ŀ ڿ
- ڿ Ʈ ȹ ܰ迡 ڸ ԽŰ Ͱ ڹ Ͽ ߿ ʴܰ迡 Ģ
- ڿ , Ư α
- , α
- α , Ȯο ü
ȸ :
- ü ־ ȸ
- ڿ ־ , ûҳ, ֹΰ ȸ α
- ڿ ȹ ڿ
- ü ȹ ȸ ڿ
- ܰ迡 ǰ ȯ溸 , ǰȣ ־ ȸ Ʒ
- ȿȭ 䱸 ȿ ֵ
- ҵ ֺ
- ִ ý , ̿
- ո ̿ Ȯ α
- ذ R
- ϼóɷ
ȯǽ â / :
- Һо ־ ȭ
- Һо â/ǽ â ó, м
- Һо߸ Ű Ű ѵ Һо ǥ ̿
- Ư ȸ Ʈ ־ Һо ɷ Ű κ ϴ Һо߰ , ȹ
[]
̷ α ⱸκ 74 Ͽ 1993-2000 200 ʿ. ̰ Ÿ ̸ ο ƴ. 絵 ν ϴ ΰ ϱ ü ȹ
ȹ Ȯ ༺, 뼺 Ӽ äõ ȸ ȯǿ ־ ʿ伺 Ѽ ˸¾ƾ . ̿Ͱ ȹ ý Ư ũ , ǰ, ȸ, , , ȯ , õ α ߵ Ͽ Ͽ .
ǿ б ߱
ǿ شȭ Ӽ ̰ ̿
ι ߿ о߸ ϱ ϰ ϱ /
ڿ
, , , ȸ ü ȿ ȹ, ϱ ȿ ̿ϱ Ʒõ , ο Ǿ . ̸ ʿ ȹ ߾ ؼ η°߰ȹ ؾ .
ϱ ֵ Ʒñ Ǿ . , ڿ , ȯó η Ʒ ؾ .
ɷ¹
ް ó α åӻ. Ʈ ־ åӰ ý ȸ ܰ迡 Ǿ . ̰ U.N System , α ϴ ܹ Բ ü ⱸ ߿ Ͽ Ѵٴ ǹ.
̴ Ư, ȸ ٹİ Ӽ ⱸμ ڱ ̷ο ߿ . ̴ ó Ʈ , ȹ, , ־ ȸ ̲ .
ߴ, ü, ڿ, ȸ, ǰ ص Ͽ ް ó ǰ ȸ Ű ° ⺻ ΰȯ濡 輺 ذ ̾ .
μ ҿ ߿伺 ִ Ǿ ڱ ʿ ֵ . ̰ ǥ Ȯ ǿ ؼ ȹ Ǵ α/Ʈ ܰ迡 . ̷ 鿡 ߵ ȿ ̿ " ߸ϴ"(̹ ִ ٽ ߸ϴ) ϱ ʿ伺 ʼ. ̷ ̹ Ʈ ־ ȿ ǸǾ.
ȹо 5. Ӱ
[å]
ʿ α ̻ . 2025 60%( 50) . α ȭ ڿ ȯ溸ȣɷ¿ ɰ й .
ȭ 뿡 Ư ǰ ￩ ϰ, , ü ó ϴ û ҿ Ư ǰ . Ư Ư 䱸Ǵ ߵ ־ . ڿ ο ڿ , α ߰ 忡 ħ. Ұ Һ¸ Ͽ .
üڿ ÿ ﰨ, ǰ Ȱ . Ŵ뵵ñ ϱ Ǵ ġϰ . ̷ ġ ̿ ڿ ̿ Բ κ ϸ, ؾȯ ڿ .
[ ǥ]
α ߸ǥ ȯ ûȰ ڿ Ű ߾ ° ɷ ϱ . ϱ , ̷ 信 ް ڿ Ű Ȱ ߱ 䱸.
ڿ ڰ Ǵ ٱ Ͽ(U.N ñⱸ ).
ǥ .
2000 ڴ δ Ϸ翡 , ּ 40 ֵ ϰ, α 75% ó ȸü ̿ ְ
2000 Ȯ
2000 75% , ȯ Ǵ ȯ濡 Ŵ
[å]
ڿ ڰ Ǵ ٱ Ͽ(U.N ñⱸ ). Ȱ
ڿ , Ϸκ ȣ
ȯ濡 ó óü
ǥ α
ȯ ̿
ڿ ȣ
Ͽ Ͽ ȣ Ȱκ ȣ
ڿ ߿ ҿ
ڿ ּȭ ȭǰ ֻ
ڿ ȿ̸ й
ڿ ̿뼺 Ӽ ð ȹ
α ⺻
Ȱ ּҺ Ǻ ݿϴ ( ȯ Ͽ డ )
/
ڿ ü ()μ ٹ ä
ڿ ϴ ̿ ȭ
ڿ ϸ鼭 ⱸ, 缳ι ֹ ɷ ̿
ո ̿ Ű νĿ
ȯ泻 ȣ ν
, ȯ
õ ߿ ֿ ݿϸ鼭 ϼ Թȭ å
ó ݰ
, ϼü ڿȭ ڸȭ
, δ â
ǥ , ó α
ó
ȣ ҿǿ ذ ʸ
ڿ ɵ
ȸ ý ߺ , ʿ ִ ȸ ȸ
ִ ý
[]
̷ α 1993-2000 45 Ͽ 200 ҿ. ̰ Ÿ ̸ ο ƴ. 絵 ν ϴ ΰ ϱ ü ȹ .
1980뿡 ó ־. Ư ҵ, е ó ű ߿ ΰ, ̶ α .
̿뼺 ȿ μ ظ Ȯϱ ȯ ̷ . νĿ ŷڼ Ӽ ν, 2 ϴ ظ غϴ Ҹ ԽѾ .
ڿ
α ҵ ǹ̴ μ ؿ ڿ Ʒ ʿ伺. Ư α Ȱδ ȸ , , ڿ ȹ ־ ִ Ʒ . , û, ֹΰ ȸ ڿ ɵ ϰ, 渮, ڿ Ʒ Ͽ ڿȸ ڿȸ ߴ ϴ .
Ư Ʒ α ڿ ȣ õǾ Ǿ .
ɷ¹
ڿ߰ Ͽ , Թ ȭ α ֿ. ó 翡 ־ ð߰ȹ ù ϰ ִ α 䱸 ݿǴ Ȯ.
ڿ ٽɺκ о ܰ踦 ʿ ϰ, α μ ȹۼ group Ȯ ȹ . ȹ ٸ ŰĿ ¿. ȹ ø ǰ ȯ湮 κμ νĵǰ ɷ¿ Ǿ .
, ǥ ⷮ Ȯ ȵ Ȱ ϳ. α ϼ ɷ ȭŰ ɷ° . óü ɰ ۿ ˷.
ϸ ý۰ ο ý ϴ ϴµ ־ ̰ ʿ.
ȹо 6. ķ ڿ
[å]
ķ Ӽ ϰ ȿ õ, , 긲 ߰ 鿡 ϰ . ķ ̷ϴ ֿ켱 Ϸν, Ǵ α ķ Ӹ ƴ ٸ 뵵 Ͽ .
̷ ݵ ߵǾ ̿Ǿ ϰ, ɷ± õ ڿ ־ ֹε鿡 ο ٹ ֵ ⸦ ü ҰϿ .
Ǵ ֹε ݵ ñ ް ü Ͽ . ̷ Ұ ƴ, ſ ū ̸ å α Ǿ .
ʼ õ ǽõǴ Ȯ밡 ̷ , ý Ӽ 꼺 ħ ó ѵǾ . 忡 Ϲ ν . ħ, ߸ 濵, õڿ װ װ ߵ Կ ־ ϰ İ ٸ Ͽ.
ħ ħ. ٵ ġ濡 б ȯ濵 ֺ ϴ 鿡 ȸ ̷ ִٴ .
δ ־ ̸, ϰ ó ͵ ΰ ϴ . ñ ϴ ҿ ſ پ. Ϸ翡 ôµ ʿ 600 ϰ , Ѵٰ 쿡 Ͼȿ Ϸ翡 ʿ 1⸶ 4 ; .
ֺ ó ι ķ ܹ ȹ ִ ߿ ڿ. Ȱ ȯ Ĺ ִȭ ֵ Ǿ . ̰ ȯ Ӹ ƴ ǹ.
ٸ δ °迡 ħ. Ƿ ȯ Ѱ賻 ̷ . ܰ迡 ι ٴ幰 귮 1Ⱓ 7鸸 ̸, 2000 1600 . ȯ 鿡 ȴٸ ̷ ̴ ̷ϱ .
[ ǥ]
(rural context) Ͽ ڿ ȯ ùٸ ϴ ֵ Ģ 4
ݵ ȸ 迡 ־ ⺻ 䱸 ִ ġ ڿ Ǿ
ڵ ݵ ڿ 濵鿡 Ǿ ϸ, ް 濵 뿡 ־ ֵ ð ִ ̷
ڿ 濵 1) ΰ ǰ 2) ķ, й 3) 糭 ҹ 4) ȯ溸ȣ ⺻ õڿ ٰ å Ͽ ̷
Ǵ ڵ Ư νĵǾ
FAO ٸ Ͽ ڿ ߿ Ȱα(AN Internation Action Programme on Water and Sustainable Agricultural Development(IAP-WASAD)) âǾ. åα ֵ ȯ ϸ鼭 ̷ ʿ信 ڿ ȹ, 濵 ߵ(developing countries) ϴ .
å α 濵 Ͽ, , , ൿ ֿ켱 Ͽ. ο ǥ, ȹ 130 ߵ ħ ִ ô ʿ ķ ȹԿ ־ ʼ̸, а ̿뼺 ִٰ Ǵܵ.
2000븦 ߵ 30 , ,
ұԸ α FAO Ʈ(global project) 4 .
1 1520 Ÿ ο ü
2 1200 Ÿ ü ȭ
3 700 Ÿ ü ġ
4 1000 Ÿ ұԸ α
ο ϴ ı, , ħ ° ı ȯ湮 ߱ų . Ƿ ο ȹ ȯ濵 Ÿ 쿡 ȯ濵 Ǿ . ο ȹ ÿ ɵִ ո ߰ ȿ Ǵ 꼺 Ŀ ִ Ĵ ֵ Ͽ .
ο ȹ б Ÿ ġ Ͽ Ͽ . ϴ ü(water groups) ϴ ǥ ų .
- ɷ° ̿ ν - ڿ ϰ , ʿ ¿ ȯ ų .
Ŀ ϴ ϸ 꿡 ʿ ϰ İ߿ ϴ . å α ȹӸ ƴ ľ Կ ־ ȯ ٹ ν ϴ ȸ ϰ .
Ǵ ϴ . ù° ôµ ʿ 緮 غϴ ̸, ι°δ ٸ 鿡 ñ Ȯϴ . ̰ ִ ġ ռ ʼ. Ը ̳ ȭ ´ Ѱ ǥ Ұ.
[å]
ֿ ־ ̳ ̿ ڿ , UN(United Nation) ٰ Ȱ .
ϴ ð ް ü å 켱 Ȯ
䱸Ǵ ȿ̰ ϸ ī Ұ
ް ü ü ǽİ Ǹ
ü Ȯ
ȸ ߰ ȿ 濵 ü谡 ̷ ް а Ȯ
ä
ִ Ը ȯ ä
ȿ
ѵ ڿ ν ȿ ̿ ֵ ȿ 꼺
õ Ͽ Ȯ
Ʈ ִ ̿ϰ ϰ , ϰ ִ Ʈ
ų ֵ
ִ
ħ,
õ Ͻ ħ ϱ ǥ Ұ
rain-fed ΰ Ұ
ϼ Ͽ Ŵ. (water-balance studies)
ݰ
ý ġ 濵
Ư Ȱ ־ ڿڿ ΰڿ ּȭ ٸ ̳ Ȱ 뿡 Ͽ Ȱ ݴȿ
ڿ ؾ °踦 , ȭ ǥ
ħİ ħ ּȭ
ΰ 忡 Ǵ ó
յ ع ȭй Ǵ ݴȿ ּȭ
ȭй 뿡 ٸ ķ ΰ ǰ ġ Ͽ ȸ
ڿ α
ұԸ ߰ ΰ 纸
ȯ濡 ġ ȿ Ը ü α ä
ڿ ߰ âǼ
ü ü ڹ
ü ݰ ° ʿ伺 뼺 ִ ɷ ٹ
ȯ濵 ٿ뵵 ¹ȹ
ڿ
ʿ п Ͽ α ȹ
ȹ ־ ڿ ȸ, ߿ ǰ
Ưα Ȯ, Ư ķ ȯ Ȯ
Ȱ
ִ ̿ Ȯ
̿ ִ ڿ , Ư Ը ýۿ ñ Ÿ Ⱦ ϰų ڿ ó ٹ
Ȯ ϱ Ư (zoonosis), 輳 ڿ
-- ý
() شȭŰ Ը ־ ȹ
ڿ ȹ ȯ
پ ߿ ȯ ʿ ü
ٸ ڿ ȯ ȭŰų , Ǵ ϴ ڿ ̳
ȯ ڿ Ȯ ȭŰ ߰
ڿ , ⸦ ϴ ڿ ؼ ý ̳
İ
ȸ , ڿ 濵 յǴ ȯ ı
ľ ʾҴ ı Ұ, õ Ұ
Ư ü Ǵ ȯ濵
ּ (marginal-quality water), 濵 ʿ ̿뿡 õ ǿ ɼ
[]
Conference Secretarist ̷ α ϴµ ʿ ݾ 132$ ϰ ִµ ߿ ü(international community) αݾ 45$ ϰ .
̰ Ÿ ̸ ο ƴ. 絵 ν ϴ ΰ ϱ ü ȹ .
, ۹ ϴ ʿ. ŸԺ Ȯ ̷ Ͽ Ȯ ʿ. İ ϸ, ȹԾ, , ε鿡 ̿밡 Ÿ ȮϿ .
õ 縦
ߵ ־ ⱸ ɷ ȭ
õ ý ȯ Ͽ డϰ 忡 ִ ⱸ
̰ų ȭǾ . ſ뼺, , , ۵ ī Ǵ ܺ ü Ǿ Ǿ . յ ݽü õ Ʒ ü ü Ͽ پ ֵ ȮǾ ϸ, ֵ Ͽ .
ΰڿ
ΰڿ Ʒ ߱Ͽ .
1. Ȳ Ⱓ ģ ΰڿ Ʒ ʿ伺
2. ΰڿ å Ȯ
3. ü ƴ ε Ʒα ʿ Ȱ .
Ʒ ʿ伺
Ȥ ƷȰ
Ȯ弭 ɷ Ű ұԸ ڿ õ Ŀ ɷ Ű Ʒڽ
, , ü Ʒ
ü α õ ڿ 繫 ɷ Ű ° ȸ Ȯ
Capacity - Building
Ű ̰ ϰ ⱸ ߿伺 ܰ迡 ſ ɵ νĵǰ . ΰ Ģ̳ ü , , , ұԸ α ڿ ȸ ɿ Ͽ ̷ Ͽ .
а ʿ伺 Ư ڿ Ϲ Ͽ ϰ ־ .
, , ħ õ
õ Ȱ Ű ؼ ʿÿ ⱸ , ȭ
ʿ ο , ȭ
ⱸ ȭŰ Ư . Ư Ⱓ α , Ʒ, , , ü
а , ϴٰ 쿡 ηڿ ߰ ݽü
Ŀ ϱ ؼ ϰų Ǵ ο ü Ͽ ȯ
ȹо 7. ĺȭ ڿ
[å]
ĺȭ ȮǼ . ȮǼ , ϰ , ߿ . ° 췮 Ҵ ڿ ҿ ʷ ; ް ̹ ǿ ʷ ϸ鼭 ϸ ߱ .
ϴ ʿ Ǹ ; Ҿ ȫ . ؼ ϱ, ҵ ȼ ħ ħ ų ; 뱹 ʷ.
Second World Climate Conference Minsterial Declaration . "̷ ĺȭ ˷ ȯ ʷ ... ҵ , ذ Ȱ ". (A/45/695/Add. 1, annex III, Preamble, para.2).
ȭ ߿ ȯ ڿ ý, ̷ ȸ ýۿ Conference νĵǾ. ȫ ش 糭 Ű . Conference ʿ , α, ȯ ȭ ̷ Ȱ , Ǿ .
[ ǥ]
켱 ϰ ִ ؿ 䱸. United Nations Framework Convertion on Climate Change ȯ :
ڿ ĺȭ ϰ ȭ ϱ
ȮεǾ ̿ å 翬 , ȿ å ϰ ϱ
ȫ ޱ ĺȭ ϱ
[å]
ڿ ֹ ٹ (UN ñⱸ ), Ȱ .
Ư, ĺȭ ް ̷ 鿡 ħعޱ ǵ ־ , ϼ , ħ Ŀ ü
µ, , ؼ ȭ ڿ ħ迡 ĺȭ
ĺȭ ȫ 輺 ִ Ȯϱ ̽ ͵
߱Ǵ ȸ, ȯ濵
ϼ ȭ ϼ ħϴ () Ȯε
̿뿡 ٰ Ȱ
α ǰ ִ Ȱ
1993-2000 ̿ ĺȭ ȿ ϰ ȭŰ α ų 1 ҿǸ, 4õ κ . ̰ Ÿ ̸ ο ƴ. 絵 ν ϴ ΰ ϱ ü ° ȹ .
Ư, Agenda21 ٸ Section ǵ õ α α area B ǵ Ͱ ǰ õ α ĺȭ ȯ α ϰ յǾ . å μ ĺȭ ǥ Ȯ м .
о߿ ʿϰ, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), the World Climate Programme, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme(IGBP) ٸ α Ȱ ǰ .
ȫ 溸 ý ġ , , ǥ, ó, Ż۾, , ϰ ο ڿ ߰ȹ Ǽ Ͽ å ذå ʿ .
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme/Global Change System for Analysis Reseach and Training(IGBP/START) network Ʈũ ʿ伺 .
ڿ
Ű δ Ǹ й Ʒð staff ߿ . Ʈ ü μ , å ʿ ؼ ִ Ͽ, ʿ å Ծ ϰ, ־ ʿ䰡 .
̷ η Ʒõǰ, Ǹ, ϴµ Ǿ, ̷ ־, ־ .
ɷ¹
, å , , ϴ ɷ ʿ䰡 . ֿ ý ι̵ Ǵ 缳ι̵ åִ μ ȭ ʿ . ߿ ĺȭ å Ͽ ʿ Ǵܰ ִ ȸ, Ŀ ʿ伺.
1. " ȸ , Mar del Plata, 14-25 March 1977" (, ǸŹȣ E.77.II.A.12) 1, 1, 1, 35
2. (߾), 1, 1, Ǿ II
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